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Low Testosterone (Male Hypogonadism)
Hypogonadism means diminished functional activity of the gonads —the testes or the ovaries —that may result in diminished production of sex
hormones
. Low androgen (e.
G. , testosterone ) levels are referred to as hypoandrogenism and low estrogen (e. G. , estradiol ) as hypoestrogenism. These are responsible for the observed signs and symptoms in both males and females. Hypogonadism, commonly referred to by the symptom "low testosterone" or "low t", can also decrease other hormones secreted by the gonads including progesterone , dhea , anti-müllerian hormone , activin , and inhibin. Sperm development (spermatogenesis) and release of the egg from the ovaries (ovulation) may be impaired by hypogonadism, which, depending on the degree of severity, may result in partial or complete infertility.
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Common causes of primary hypogonadism include: klinefelter's syndrome: this condition results from a congenital abnormality of the sex chromosomes, x and y. A male normally has one x and one y chromosome. In klinefelter's syndrome, two or more x chromosomes are present in addition to one y chromosome. The y chromosome contains the genetic material that determines the sex of a child and the related development. The extra x chromosome that occurs in klinefelter's syndrome causes abnormal development of the testicles, which in turn results in the underproduction of testosterone. https://vigrxofficialstore.wordpress.com/
Male hypogonadism is a condition in which the body doesn't produce enough of the hormone that plays a key role in masculine growth and development during puberty (testosterone) or enough sperm or both. You can be born with male hypogonadism, or it can develop later in life, often from injury or infection. The effects — and what you can do about them — depend on the cause and at what point in your life male hypogonadism occurs. Some types of male hypogonadism can be treated with testosterone replacement therapy. https://vigrxofficialstore.wordpress.com/
Signs and symptoms of hypogonadism
Diagnosis and prevention be open with your doctor about your medical history, all prescription and nonprescription drugs you are now taking, sexual problems, and any major changes in your life. Your doctor will take a thorough history of your symptoms and then complete a physical exam, including your body hair, breast tissue, and the size and consistency of the testes and scrotum. Your doctor will also use blood tests to see if your total testosterone level is low. The normal range depends on the lab that conducts the test. To get a diagnosis of hypogonadism, you need at least two early morning (7–10 am) blood tests that reveal low testosterone in addition to signs and symptoms typical of low testosterone.
The signs and symptoms depend on the stage at which the patient presents with hypogonadism in relation to sexual maturity. If testosterone deficiency occurs before or during puberty, signs and symptoms are likely to include: delayed puberty: growth of breast tissue (gynaecomastia) thinning of the bones ( osteoporosis ) reduced muscle bulk and physical strength a wrinkled ‘parchment-like’ appearance of the skin increased sweating. As some of these symptoms (e. G. Tiredness, mood changes) can have multiple causes, diagnosis of male hypogonadism may sometimes get missed initially.
Hypogonadism in males is a clinical syndrome that comprises symptoms and/or signs, along with biochemical evidence of testosterone deficiency. Mulhall jp, trost lw, brannigan re, et al. Evaluation and management of testosterone deficiency: aua guideline. J urol. 2018 mar 28. Pii: s0022-5347(18)42817-0. [epub ahead of print] https://www. Auanet. Org/guidelines/evaluation-and-management-of-testosterone-deficiency http://www. Ncbi. Nlm. Nih. Gov/pubmed/29601923?tool=bestpractice. Com the male gonads (testes) have 2 primary functions: testosterone production (by the leydig cells) and spermatogenesis (by the spermatogenic and sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules). Hypogonadism in men occurs where there is dysfunction in the normal physiologic mechanism of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis that results in a decreased ability to carry out either of these functions.
By culley c. Carson iii, md hypogonadism is defined as deficient or absent male gonadal function that results in insufficient testosterone secretion. Hypogonadism may be primary due to testicular failure, or secondary due to hypothalamic-pituitary axis dysfunction, resulting in the production or release of insufficient testosterone to maintain testosterone-dependent functions and systems. Hypogonadism can also result from a combination of testicular failure and hypothalamic-pituitary axis dysfunction. Hypogonadism affects an estimated 4 to 5 million men in the united states, and although it may occur in men at any age, low testosterone levels are especially common in older males. More than 60% of men over age 65 have free testosterone levels below the normal values of men aged 30 to 35.
Hypogonadism is defined as a clinical syndrome caused by decreased testosterone levels (t < 10 nmol) and concomitant symptoms suggesting androgen deficiency. Compared with healthy men, hypogonadism is a more common problem among obese patients [39, 78–82]. Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated a negative correlation between bmi and testosterone levels [83–87]. Moreover, weight loss can significantly increase testosterone levels in obese men and reverts obesity-associated hypogonadism. Considering this close relation, some authors define this clinical entity as male obesity-associated secondary hypogonadism (mosh). James anaissie, mohit khera, in effects of lifestyle on men's health , 2019.
Vermeulen a, kaufman jm. Diagnosis of hypogonadism in the aging male. Aging male. 2002 sep;5(3):170-6. - pubmed carnegie c. Diagnosis of hypogonadism: clinical assessments and laboratory tests. Rev urol. 2004;6 suppl 6(suppl 6):s3-8. - pmc - pubmed bhasin s, pencina m, jasuja gk, travison tg, coviello a, orwoll e, wang py, nielson c, wu f, tajar a, labrie f, vesper h, zhang a, ulloor j, singh r, d'agostino r, vasan rs. Reference ranges for testosterone in men generated using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in a community-based sample of healthy nonobese young men in the framingham heart study and applied to three geographically distinct cohorts.